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Summary of medical research results to date

WATER CLINICAL TRIALS

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Biology and the properties of water

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Water consumption and disease prevention

Evidence is accumulating from several scientific disciplines that water is active in determining the proper structure and function of body cell components, including proteins and nucleic acids. Protein, DNA and RNA structure and function are hydration dependent.

Evidence is accumulating from epidemiological studies that appropriate water consumption may prevent breast cancer, colon cancer and heart disease.

Evidence is accumulating from epidemiological studies that calcium and magnesium concentrations in drinking water decrease the risk of heart disease and decrease the risk of mortality associated with this, and other, diseases. In particular, moderate to high magnesium concentrations in drinking water have been correlated to decreased risk of death from cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Evidence is accumulating from clinical studies that body cell hydration is anabolic and promotes the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins.

Evidence appears to be accumulating from clinical trials that extra water consumption per se may override steady state water homeostasis, improve body hydration to a new steady state, improve kidney function and increase the concentrations in blood plasma of sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions and the protein albumin.

Evidence appears to be accumulating from clinical trials that calcium and magnesium concentrations in drinking water may contribute to the maintenance of health and the prevention of degenerative diseases. Calcium and magnesium ions (from drinking water) appear to act on the calcium sensing receptors of the cells of the parathyroid glands and limit the chronic production of parathyroid hormone. Chronic increases in parathyroid hormone concentrations contribute to a range of degenerative diseases including osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis contributes to more mortality and serious morbidity in the Western world than any other disorder.

What does it all mean? There is probably sufficient published evidence for people to be encouraged to consume extra water. This water may be either tap water or bottled water but should contain concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions, particularly calcium and magnesium ions associated with bicarbonate ions. The exact amount of water to be consumed and the exact concentrations of calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions have yet to be determined definitively.

On the limited evidence available to date, optimal consumption of drinking water appears to be six to eight glasses (1.5 to 2 liters) of water per day. Optimal magnesium intake and calcium intake from drinking water appears to be the amount sufficient to stabilize parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in the body. Optimal bicarbonate intake from drinking water appears to be the amount sufficient to assist in acid-base balance (as determined by urinary pH values) and the amount sufficient to stabilize biochemical bone resorption indices.

Though opinions vary enormously, general literature consensus is that drinking water should contain in excess of either 25mg per liter magnesium or 50mg per liter calcium and should contain in excess of 200mg per liter bicarbonate. Some medical specialists, particularly European endocrinologists, advocate higher concentrations of calcium and bicarbonate in drinking water to prevent osteoporosis - up to five times the minimum concentrations above.

How active is water in disease prevention?

How active is water in disease prevention?

How active is water in disease prevention?